In the Northern Pampa plain (NPP, 30° and 34°S), terrain depressions generated by neotectonics were occupied by shallow lakes preserving long-lasting paleolimnological records. The most significant are the sediments of Laguna Mar Chiquita (LMCh, 30°S/62°W), spanning from the Late Pleistocene to the present. At the southern edge of the NPP, the record from Laguna Melincué (LMe, 33°S/61°W) comprises paleoenvironmental evidence for the Late Holocene. The evolution of both lake systems has been reconstructed using a multi-proxy approach on well-dated sediment cores, including analyses of stable isotopes, pigments, diatoms, geochemistry, paleoenvironmental magnetism and microfacies. This chapter synthesises the available reconstructions of both sites, along with an analysis of the main methodologies developed during the last twenty years of research. Particularly, the abrupt shifts of lake levels and associated deposits are explored, emphasising the transformation of ephemeral saline/hypersaline lakes and playa lakes to subsaline/saline perennial systems. A special focus is set on disentangling the overlapping signal of anthropogenic activity to the natural hydroclimate oscillations imprinted in the sedimentary record of LMCh over the last fifty years. This review highlights the value of Northern Pampa lacustrine records for inspecting past regional hydroclimate and its implications for South American Monsoon variability.