Studying plant bioactive compounds is essential for identifying cost-effective sources of novel pharmacological agents and providing empirical validation for traditional medicinal practices. Prosopis africana features prominently in ethnobotanical approaches to managing hypertension and a range of other pathological conditions. The nutritional composition was determined using standard methods according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, and compound identification was done by comparison of the National Institute of Standards and Technology library based on retention time, peak area per cent and molecular weight. The proximate composition, GC-MS profile and antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts were determined. Proximate composition indicated carbohydrates (2.58 ± 0.01%), protein (10.5 ± 0.09%), fat (3.42 ± 0.03%), crude fibre (76.02 ± 0.03%), ash (3.50 ± 0.04%) and moisture content (3.98 ± 0.01%); while preliminary phytochemical evaluations showed tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and coumarins were present in all differential solvent fractions. GC-MS evaluations indicated that ethanol, ethyl-acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions contain 32, 53, 37 and 52 phytochemical constituents, respectively, with lauric and myristic acids being the predominant bioactive components. Bioactive compounds of the leaf extracts of P. africana that are relevant to this study include squalene, lauric acid, palmitic acid, caprate, stearate, vitamin E, β-sitosterol, phytol, linolenic acid, coumarin and taurine. DPPH scavenging activity of ethanol (80.17 ± 0.24%), ethyl acetate (76.05 ± 0.48%), butanol (77.74 ± 0.40%) and aqueous fractions (88.44 ± 0.40%) at 100 μg/L was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (76.94 ± 0.54) at 75 μg/mL. The bioactive compounds present in the extracts could validate the use of P. africana in traditional medicinal practices for the control of different ailments and health issues.