This chapter engages with the evolving ethical landscape of bioarchaeology primarily in the US with a focus on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Within the chapter, the shift from early practices of human remains research to a collaborative, community engaged approach. Special focus is given to the work of Commission for the Ethical Treatment of Human Remains of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), whose ongoing work continues to address the legacy of exploitation in biological anthropology. Drawing on the Commission’s final report, this chapter explores key concepts such as accountability, transparency, and the ongoing need for ethical engagement with marginalized communities. It emphasizes the critical importance of sovereignty over ancestral remains, with a focus on federal repatriation legislation, and argues for a collaborative approach to research that centers the voices and interests of Indigenous and other affected groups. The chapter highlights how these changes contribute to a broader conversation about social justice, identity, and the ethical obligations of bioarchaeologists in the twenty-first century.