LIBS Imaging of Biological Tissues
摘要
In this chapter, we focus primarily on the elemental analysis of biological samples (soft and hard/calcified tissues) when the mapping of large-scale areas is involved. Hence, we will refer to the elemental mapping of the biological sample surface as the so-called elemental bioimaging or just imaging in a broader sense. Also, LIBS analysis of other biological tissues (namely plants) is briefly discussed with related literature. The description of LIBS instrumentation and progress in analytical performance is shown together with concepts of bioimaging (including 3D imaging) and novel approaches to correlative imaging. Remarks on the parameters involved in laser-tissue interaction and sample preparation are also given along with a broader discussion. Then, good practices in data processing are listed in terms of sample discrimination and quantification; basic univariate and advanced multivariate (chemometrics and machine learning) algorithms are mentioned. Finally, imaging of animal and human tissues is dissected with the vision of medical/clinical applications. The chapter concludes with hints of future perspectives and trends in the development of the field of LIBS bioimaging.