In the steady development of social economy, computer technology and network technology have developed rapidly, and the Internet has become one of the indispensable tools for People’s Daily life and work. As a unique business model, e-commerce transforms traditional offline consumption into online consumption, and human society enters a new e-commerce information era. In the face of the explosive growth of data information, during the construction and operation of the e-commerce platform, it began to use artificial intelligence technology algorithms to actively build an e-commerce traceability management system, to provide technical support for the development of e-commerce in the new era while protecting the basic rights and interests of consumers and improving product quality. After understanding the technical concept of e-commerce traceability management system, this paper constructs an e-commerce platform traceability management system based on deep neural network algorithm, takes agricultural products as an example, defines the technical modules contained therein, and puts forward innovative strategies starting from the development needs of the industry.