This review synthesizes recent research published since 2015, addressing the gender disparities in dementia risk, focusing primarily on the unique risk factors for women. These include reproductive factors, hypertensive pregnancy disorders, other modifiable risk factors, hormonal changes, and cardiovascular conditions. The evidence suggests that women’s increased vulnerability to dementia may be influenced by a complex interplay of hormonal, reproductive, and cardiovascular dynamics, which differ significantly from those affecting men. Key findings indicate that earlier age at first childbirth and hypertension in midlife increase women’s risk, while an older age at menopause decreases it. This review highlights the critical need for gender-specific approaches in both research and clinical practices to better understand and potentially mitigate the risks of dementia in women