In recent years, emerging work-related psychological problems have become significant factors, requiring considerable attention from management. Psychosocial risks (PSR) in the workplace are a major challenge for organizations and will become even more so. These risks have numerous harmful repercussions on the physical and psychological health, reduced well-being, and lower performance of employees and, by extension, the organization. Although many studies deal with PSRs and performance at work, there is still a lack of systematic literature reviews. This article presents a systematic literature review following the PRISMA flow diagram (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The study highlighted articles dealing with PSRs, PSR factors, their consequences for the individual and the organization, and PSR prevention and management methods. Finally, it highlighted the sectors most affected by these risks.