The Introduction discusses the significant impact of climate change on Africa, despite its minimal contribution to global emissions. It highlights the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) interventions: adaptation, mitigation, emission reduction and green economy financing. The Introduction emphasises the critical role of energy security in economic development and the challenges posed by poor energy management and governance. It underscores the importance of local communities in addressing climate change and energy issues. Case studies from Africa illustrate innovative solutions for energy provision and security. It also explores the local energy transition in the Maghreb states and the potential of energy trading in Central Africa to enhance energy security and economic growth. The overall focus is on the need for international collaboration, investment in diverse energy sources, and decentralised renewable energy production to meet climate goals and support sustainable development.