Orbital ultrasound has a wide range of clinical indications. For example, following examination of a patient with ocular discomfort or pain, clinicians can use ultrasonography to help confirm a diagnosis of scleritis, orbital myositis, or dacryoadenitis. Clinicians can use ultrasonography to evaluate retrobulbar tissue, including the extraocular muscles, in a patient with exophthalmos and suspected soft-tissue expansion secondary to Graves’ disease. Although imaging can help narrow the range of diagnoses to consider, images are only useful in that they reveal patterns and locations of tissue involvement which may statistically be more common in certain disease entities.