Meningitis and encephalitis are serious, potentially life altering or even fatal infections involving the central nervous system. Any child with high fever, severe headache and/or persistent vomiting, neck stiffness, or disturbed consciousness should be rapidly evaluated in an emergency department (ED). Appropriate triage, protective isolation measures, and risk-stratification are discussed. After the acute phase, students returning to school may need additional supports, including assistance completing treatment, physical and learning accommodations, and help achieving appropriate follow-up. Contact tracing and prophylaxis administration when indicated are also discussed.