Since children spend a significant proportion of their lives in school, medical and traumatic emergencies are likely to occur. In order to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with life and limb threatening emergencies, evidence-based guidelines for emergency preparedness have been set forth by the American Academy of Pediatrics, National Association of School Nurses, and American Heart Association. This chapter discusses these recommendations for emergency preparedness, including the medical emergency and cardiac emergency response plans, the suggested training for school health providers and staff, and the recommended medications, supplies, and equipment critical in the event of an emergency.