In the context of the current unstable political situation in Europe, the authors presented the problem of securing the civilian population in case of the outbreak of armed conflict on the territory of Poland. The issue in question concerns the identification of places where the civilian population can obtain shelter in case of the threat of air raids or artillery fire. Since the end of WWII, and still in connection with the ongoing so-called Cold War, shelters were built in Poland fairly systematically until the 1960s. Since then, there has been less interest in building this type of infrastructure. This type of infrastructure includes not only shelters but also, for example, subway stations, especially deep ones. It can also be other infrastructure that is suitable for this purpose, even a simple ditch or earth embankment. In this article, the authors showed how such infrastructure functioned during WWII using a small town as an example. Then the issue of identifying such facilities using OSM maps was discussed. The problem of determining the necessary capacity of this type of infrastructure was addressed. Attention was paid to the issue of accessibility and evacuation routes to such facilities, thus emphasizing the important transport context of the issue.