The rise to statehood of the Portuguese colonies in Africa—Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, and São Tomé e Príncipe—triggered one of the longest struggles for independence on the continent, with liberation movements resorting to armed struggle from 1961 onwards. Portugal’s resistance to decolonisation and the liberation movements’ challenge to colonial rule can be better understood within a global, rather than a national, framework of analysis. The war in the Portuguese colonies was embedded in the geopolitics of the 1960s and mid-1970s and had repercussions far beyond the territories dominated by Portugal. Indeed, it can be argued that none of the three main geopolitical spaces of the Cold War—the capitalist “West”, the socialist “East”, and the heterogeneous “Third World” (now commonly known as Global South) failed to play a significant role in the unravelling of the independence struggles in Portuguese-speaking Africa, be it in political, diplomatic, or military terms, as this volume seeks to make clear, by focusing the realities of exile and international solidarity.