Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) often experience cognitive impairments in memory, attention, and executive function, which can occur both during mood episodes and periods of remission. The severity of these impairments varies widely among individuals. Key factors associated with cognitive impairment include illness characteristics such as chronicity, the number of affective episodes and hospitalizations, a lifetime history of psychotic symptoms, and subthreshold clinical symptomatology. Additionally, childhood trauma may be linked to changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity. These cognitive challenges can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life, underscoring the importance of addressing them in treatment plans to improve cognitive function and overall well-being. This chapter aims to update the knowledge on the cognitive profile of patients with BD, its impact on daily functioning, the factors involved, assessment of these impairments, the progression of cognitive deficits throughout the illness, and potential interventions to minimize these deficits.