This chapter explores preventative medicine in pediatric humanitarian disasters, focusing on the distinction between clinical and preventative approaches, incorporating them into emergency response frameworks. It delves into population evaluation tools, such as rates, to assess and address health needs during emergencies. Key aspects include conducting emergency needs assessments, establishing morbidity and mortality surveillance, and evaluating community resources. The chapter examines post-disaster intervention priorities, public health strategies, and the modes of disease transmission affecting children. It emphasizes the use of the surveillance cycle to guide resource allocation and optimize health outcomes. By integrating population health evaluation and preventative measures, this chapter aims to enhance preparedness and response strategies, ultimately improving resilience and reducing health impacts on pediatric populations in disaster settings. Through case studies and practical insights, it provides a framework for implementing effective preventative strategies in the context of humanitarian crises.