This chapter traces the origins and evolution of the term political correctness (PC), distinguishing its historical and ideological transformations from its modern understanding as a regulatory phenomenon. From its initial use in the eighteenth century as a marker of political alignment to its resurgence in left-wing movements as a critique of dogmatism, and finally to its current connotation as a contested cultural force, PC has undergone significant shifts in meaning. The chapter examines PC’s ideological roots in Marxist, Leninist and Maoist traditions, its adaptation by the American New Left and its eventual appropriation by mainstream media and conservative critiques. Additionally, the chapter explores PC as an ideologically loaded term, shaped by political perspectives that either critique its impact on free speech and academic freedom or defend its goals of promoting equality and protecting marginalised groups. By offering a systematic historical and conceptual analysis, this chapter establishes a nuanced foundation for understanding PC's contentious role in contemporary academia and society.