The significance and reliability of Erasmus’s treatise De Bello Turcico should be acknowledged. It is by no means “a mock consultation […] a parody of the standard rhetorical conventions used in orations against the Turks,” as a certain scholar has argued. A refutation of this view is presented here. Furthermore, Islam accepts Jesus as a prophet (not accepting his divinity), and also reveres Mary, his immaculate mother. Christians, Erasmus included, did not and do not acknowledge the legitimacy of MuhammadMuhammad as a prophet. Erasmus’s harsh denigrations of Muhammad illustrate that. In this context, the groundbreaking Nostra Aetate (1965) is discussed too. To say, as Shimon Markish does, and others repeat in various ways, that Erasmus stands out, contrary to his Zeitgeist, as someone who took the first step toward inter-religious tolerance, and that he took “a necessary initial step toward true toleration,” reveals a bias, to say the least.