In this paper, we examine the combined effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and green innovation on energy firms’ performance. Based on the PRISMA process, we identify and analyze 70 peer-reviewed articles that follow basic theory and real-world models to unearth conceptual and methodological relationship patterns. Some results have shown that there are improvements in financial performance due to the dimensions; both falling and non-falling short of capturing or continuously capturing ESG integration and green innovation incorporation. In terms of main results, major gaps have been identified in reduced longitudinal research and theoretical diversity. It is also heavily dependent in the nature of the investigational conclusions that appear in cross-sectional studies. There is a need to expand methodological research. This research contributes to the sustainable energy sector development and resilience knowledge base through sustainable ESG integration and green innovation implications.