Oceans are increasingly regarded as important spaces in International Relations due to unsustainable pressures on the ocean’s resources. International organizations advance the co-creation of knowledge and solutions to manage blue acceleration, conservation and protection of marine biodiversity, and food security, among other goals. The United Nations launched the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) to improve cooperation, partnership, and capacity development to achieve the ocean science we need for the ocean we want. The book asks: what political and communication factors play a role in the co-design and co-delivery of ocean science? How does the ontological security of ocean science participants impact co-creation processes? Why do states strategize communication about international collaboration in ocean science? Finally, what is the human well-being promise that the Ocean Decade aspires to achieve? The main argument of this book is that power, politics, and communication impact international collaboration in ocean science. To capture this dynamic, the book proposes an ‘International Collaboration in Ocean Science model’ which integrates multiple components that enable and constrain the deliberation and determination of joint actions and outcomes. It will then proceed by conceptualizing international collaboration in ocean science and governance, explaining the significance of international collaboration in ocean science, and discussing the role of communication in defining ocean problems and solutions.