Urban mobility is a critical challenge for modern cities. This study explores how advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data can optimize urban mobility within Industry 5.0 and the Information and Knowledge Society. Integrating IoT into urban infrastructure enables real-time data collection from traffic sensors, surveillance cameras, and mobile devices. Analyzing this data with Big Data techniques provides insights for improving traffic management, reducing congestion, and enhancing public transport efficiency. The study evaluates the impact of these technologies on optimizing urban mobility and their contribution to city sustainability. IoT technology facilitates intelligent transportation systems that adapt dynamically to traffic conditions, adjust traffic light timings, and suggest alternative routes during congestion. Real-time monitoring of vehicle and pedestrian flow allows authorities to make informed, proactive decisions to improve mobility. Big Data analysis identifies patterns and trends in mobility behaviors, aiding in future transport infrastructure planning and optimizing existing routes. This synergy between IoT and Big Data not only boosts operational efficiency but also promotes urban sustainability by reducing carbon emissions through efficient traffic management. The study’s findings will help develop more efficient and sustainable urban mobility strategies, enhancing citizens’ quality of life by providing effective, safe, and eco-friendly transportation solutions.