Exploring the Circular Economy Route: Creating Value for End-of-Life Photovoltaic Equipment Through a Reverse Stream
摘要
The market for solar energy harnessed through photovoltaic (PV) technology has experienced unprecedented growth worldwide in recent years. Consequently, the production and installation of photovoltaic equipment have increased at a comparable rate. Over time, such equipment reaches its end of life (EoL). The sustainability of this renewable energy source is questioned when the issue of EoL PV is considered, given that the current linear production model results in waste from equipment rich in materials due to the absence of reverse logistics and the implementation of CE principles in the sector. In Brazil, PV equipment does not yet have specific regulations for proper disposal, and it is classified as “general waste.” Substances like lead and cadmium, present in PV modules, pose significant risks to both the environment and human health when improperly disposed of at the end of their use. Therefore, discussing studies on this subject is crucial for developing societal knowledge and awareness regarding this problem. This topic necessitates further research and dialogue and is recognized as a segment with substantial potential for progress. Thus, the present study aims to structure a CE pathway by mapping the relationship between EoL PV and the main stakeholders involved in its value chain, proposing a solution for the disposal of end-of-life photovoltaic equipment. Through this mapping, a reverse logistic will be established to promote the CE in the PV sector, involving all stakeholders identified in the mapped value chain, in order to close the existing gap in this market and suggest a second life for PV equipment. Consequently, this renewable energy source will potentially achieve greater sustainability throughout its life cycle.