This chapter investigates the integration of the Circular Economy (CE) with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the textile sector, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that analyzed 188 relevant articles. The research highlights how the adoption of circular practices can positively impact all the SDGs, from reducing waste to promoting social and economic justice. The bibliographic analysis identified predominant keywords such as “sustainable consumption”, “circular fashion” and “circular economy”, and highlighted influential articles such as Towards sustainability? Forest-based circular bioeconomy business models in Finnish SMEs and Trends in the fashion industry: the perception of sustainability and circular economy. It also mapped key academic sources, such as Sustainability and the Journal of Cleaner Production, and highlighted key organizations and authors. The chapter not only contributes to academic advancement, but also offers practical insights for the textile industry and policymakers, suggesting a more integrated and interdisciplinary approach to promoting sustainable development and tackling environmental and social challenges. The research highlights gaps in the literature, pointing to new research opportunities and reinforcing the importance of CE as a strategic tool to transform the textile sector.