Nutritional Fortification: Biofilm Contribution
摘要
Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and are a prevalent mode of growth for microorganisms in nature. Biofilms are currently identified as an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that are enclosed in hydrated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Food fortification is defined as the practice of adding vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods during processing to increase their nutritional value. During production, surfaces and equipment used in food processing might get contaminated with bacteria. These microorganisms have the potential to cause foodborne disease or loss of food quality if they form biofilms and act as reservoirs for pathogens or spoilage organisms. Biofilms may unintentionally encapsulate extra nutrients or fortifiers in certain situations. Because of their encapsulation, these substances may be less bioavailable and less effective in strengthening the finished product when released into the food matrix. Various types of probiotic bacteria help produce various nutraceuticals and micronutrients that help in the in situ mechanism of fortification of meat and meat-associated products. This results in enhancing the nutritional quality of the product. Enzymes or metabolites that can break down or change the chemical structure of fortificants found in the food matrix can be produced by biofilms. The bioavailability or effectiveness of the fortified nutrients may decrease as a result. Foods that have been fortified may degrade more quickly due to biofilms created by spoiling microbes, resulting in a lower shelf life. Over time, the existence of biofilms may alter the taste, texture, and nutritional value of food by fostering microbial growth and enzymatic activity.