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Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a disorder of the masticatory muscles and/or temporomandibular joints. The main symptoms include muscular or joint pain, trismus, and alteration of mandibular movements, vertigo, among others. The initial management of TMD is nonsurgical and aims to reduce the level of symptoms. Myorelaxant splints, physiotherapy, pharmaceutical therapies, photobiomodulation (PBM), and others compose the portfolio of treatment for TMD. PBM clinically reduces pain and improvement of mandibular movements.

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Temporomandibular Dysfunction

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Thaís Cristina Esteves-Pereira,
  • Mariana de Pauli Paglioni,
  • Francisco Javier Tejeda Nava,
  • Mario Nava-Villalba

摘要

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a disorder of the masticatory muscles and/or temporomandibular joints. The main symptoms include muscular or joint pain, trismus, and alteration of mandibular movements, vertigo, among others. The initial management of TMD is nonsurgical and aims to reduce the level of symptoms. Myorelaxant splints, physiotherapy, pharmaceutical therapies, photobiomodulation (PBM), and others compose the portfolio of treatment for TMD. PBM clinically reduces pain and improvement of mandibular movements.