According to the International Energy Agency, transport is the sector with faster growth in carbon dioxide emissions, almost in the same level of industry sector. However, transport sector has a strongly dependence on fossil fuels, due to the use of internal combustion engines for aircrafts, shipping, trucks and automobiles. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability of transport sector it is mandatory to seek for alternative fuels. Several options have been proposed for this challenge, being biofuels the most promising alternative since it can be used in the existing infrastructure. In this context, several raw materials have been studied for the production of transport fuels, mainly triglyceride feedstock. Nevertheless, lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant, and it can be converted to triglyceride feedstock through pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction. In particular, this last one allows the production of biocrude oil, which can be used for the production of transport fuels. Therefore, in this chapter the catalytic upgrading of biocrude oil for the production of transport fuels is presented. Moreover, future trends related to this conversion pathway are discussed.