Driven by climate change and energy security concerns, automotive technology is changing fast. Along with these changes come scientific advances, new areas of commerce, and a new wave of innovation, but also increased manipulation of our desperation to fix our petroleum-dependent dilemma. Navigating the new transportation energy landscape in the interest of environmental and energy sustainability is a challenge different than any the world has previously encountered. This chapter suggests possible research, business, and policy opportunities that accompany the new challenges posed by the ongoing automotive energy transition.