This chapter is about Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), their unique technologies, infrastructure requirements, and their impacts on the environment and society. The history of electric cars is reviewed beginning in 1890. Then, the technology of electric vehicles, batteries, motors, controls, charging systems, and regenerative braking, and the recharging infrastructure requirements are described. BEVs and Internal Combustion Vehicles (ICVs) will be compared for their full-cycle environmental and energy impact. Electrical generation and distribution issues associated with EVs will be discussed, including compatibility with renewable electricity sources. The market trend toward ever-larger and heavier EVs due to range anxiety is having a significant negative effect on roadway safety and maintenance. The broader energy supply and infrastructure ramifications of transferring the huge automotive energy sector from petroleum to electricity are summarized.