We describe the whole researchResearch process using the conventional analytical thinkingAnalytical thinking. ResearchResearch is an advanced learningLearning process that usually proceeds inductively bottom-up and from inside out. However, we present the results deductively top-down and from outside in. ResearchResearch is different from developmentDevelopment and innovationInnovation. ResearchersResearcher must have specific properties, including independenceIndependence and creativityCreativity, and follow high ethical standards. We divide researchResearch into the formation of conceptsConcept and theoriesTheory. Conceptual analysisConceptual analysis starts any researchResearch: we must understand the conceptsConcept and their definitionsDefinition and relationshipsRelationship. The formation of theoriesTheory consists of experimental-abductive andHypothetico-deductive method hypothetico-deductive methodsMethod, corresponding discoveryDiscovery, and verificationVerification or falsificationFalsification (in ethics).

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Analytical Thinking

  • Aarne Mämmelä

摘要

We describe the whole researchResearch process using the conventional analytical thinkingAnalytical thinking. ResearchResearch is an advanced learningLearning process that usually proceeds inductively bottom-up and from inside out. However, we present the results deductively top-down and from outside in. ResearchResearch is different from developmentDevelopment and innovationInnovation. ResearchersResearcher must have specific properties, including independenceIndependence and creativityCreativity, and follow high ethical standards. We divide researchResearch into the formation of conceptsConcept and theoriesTheory. Conceptual analysisConceptual analysis starts any researchResearch: we must understand the conceptsConcept and their definitionsDefinition and relationshipsRelationship. The formation of theoriesTheory consists of experimental-abductive andHypothetico-deductive method hypothetico-deductive methodsMethod, corresponding discoveryDiscovery, and verificationVerification or falsificationFalsification (in ethics).