Existing discourses on Sino-Africa economic partnerships focus on high-level variables such as the gross domestic product, technology, and knowledge transfers. Less remarked upon is the implications of such partnerships on peasant categories on whose lands the ensuring businesses are executed. Drawing on critical document analysis and underpinned by the transformative social policy framework, this chapter shows that while Chinese investments have created employment and generated technology and knowledge transfers, the partnerships have resulted in a myriad of challenges, including rivalries over farmland, farmland depletion, and crowding out of peasant farmers, thereby negatively impacting on livelihoods. There has also been rampant environmental pollution in water bodies due to the unregulated use of chemicals and inorganic fertilisers, particularly by mining activities. This has resulted in human health complications, flora, fauna, and livestock deaths. To deal with these challenges, the chapter proposes deploying the transformative social policy framework in selecting and implementing investment projects due to its potential to engender pro-poor, sustainable, and inclusive development.