Agriculture is a critical sector in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in which 70% of the population is directly engaged either as a source of livelihood or an additional source of income. African women play an important agricultural role on the continent and account for 52% of the continental agricultural population. African women provide 50% of the total agricultural and produce between 60% and 80% of the continent’s food. However, they remain under-acknowledged participants. Their level and condition of participation also do not accrue to any benefits outside household food sustenance. Underpinned by secondary literature and drawing from social policy, women empowerment, and political economy approaches, this chapter explores the challenges that women face as farmers, particularly with regard to access to productive agricultural resources and assets. This chapter discusses how the challenges faced by women negatively impact agricultural productivity. This chapter calls for all key stakeholders within the sector to commit to implementing gender-responsive programmes to enable a sustained contribution by women and to ensure that they benefit by participating in the sector. This chapter also discusses some potential interventions.