Climate change remains a critical challenge confronting the contemporary world. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the global regions where over 70% of households directly rely on agriculture for livelihood and income. In this region, agriculture also contributes more to the Gross Domestic Product of national economies, and it is very susceptible to climate variability. Hence, considering the severity of climate change, understanding its link with agriculture and development is significant to ensuring the region’s rural development and industrialisation prospects. This chapter explores how climate change intersects with SSA’s agricultural development and rural industrialisation. Drawing from secondary sources and sectorial expertise, this chapter explores recent climate variations, identifies the impacts of climate change variations on agriculture, and determines how the effects of climate change on agriculture affect rural industrialisation. This chapter shows that climate change is damaging agroecological resources, thus affecting not only agricultural productivity but also livelihood activities. The negative impact on agriculture also adversely impacts industrialisation pulling factors in the countryside. This chapter recommends empowering rural communities to adapt to and mitigate climate change impacts on agricultural productivity to attract investors to the countryside. This empowerment requires rural development policy interventions at levels of government to acknowledge climate variability as one of the broader challenges of the rural development agenda to be able to invest adequately in dealing with the change.