This book has aimed to explain how the personality traits of individuals influence their acceptance of state surveillance. In this work, state surveillance is understood as a process through which the state strives to achieve its national security objectives. Individuals’ personalities were measured using the Big Five taxonomy. The data for the analysis was provided by two original surveys that were conducted in Hungary and Romania between July and November 2022. The surveys are representative of the two populations and were completed by roughly 1000 respondents for each case. The analytical chapters provide important results that help us to understand better the Hungarians and Romanians’ attitudes towards state surveillance in their countries.