Compartment syndrome is defined as the inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of organs and tissues within any anatomical space, due to limited blood supply caused by increased pressure within the anatomical cavity. It refers to any body spaces (inside extremities, abdomen, and thorax) in which increased tissue pressure reduces capillary perfusion below a level necessary to maintain tissue viability. When a closed compartment’s pressure increases too much, the microcirculation of the tissues and organs within the cavity is diminished. Two factors are responsible for this condition, either a decrease in a compartment volume or an increase in the contents of a compartment, or sometimes both of these factors act at the same time. Loss of the perfusion pressure gradient results in the onset of ischemia and leads to cellular anoxia and death. Generally, compartment syndromes can be classified as: