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This chapter outlines the progress of plant breeding, from traditional to modern molecular techniques. While conventional breeding methods have been foundational for plant improvement, they lack the accuracy required for genome enhancement. In contrast, molecular breeding employs molecular markers to identify genes associated with desired traits that are then selected through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Several molecular markers, such as SNPs, SSRs, RFLP, and AFLP, along with their properties, are examined. Advanced genome editing tools such as zinc finger Nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly Interspaced short palindromic repeats) have further transformed this field by enabling direct DNA modifications. Additionally, genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) provide a reliable method for identifying genetic variants linked to specific plant traits. Together, these approaches, when combined, offer a powerful suite for accelerating crop improvement, which will be addressed in detail in this chapter.

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Implication of Molecular Techniques for Sustainable Crop Improvement

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Bhawna Kalra,
  • Priyanka,
  • Vineeta Sharma,
  • Gutta Prudhvinadh,
  • Sonia

摘要

This chapter outlines the progress of plant breeding, from traditional to modern molecular techniques. While conventional breeding methods have been foundational for plant improvement, they lack the accuracy required for genome enhancement. In contrast, molecular breeding employs molecular markers to identify genes associated with desired traits that are then selected through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Several molecular markers, such as SNPs, SSRs, RFLP, and AFLP, along with their properties, are examined. Advanced genome editing tools such as zinc finger Nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly Interspaced short palindromic repeats) have further transformed this field by enabling direct DNA modifications. Additionally, genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) provide a reliable method for identifying genetic variants linked to specific plant traits. Together, these approaches, when combined, offer a powerful suite for accelerating crop improvement, which will be addressed in detail in this chapter.