Stressors like drought, salt, cold, and heat are some of the abiotic factors that greatly hinder agricultural productivity worldwide. Traditional breeding methods and transgenic approaches have been instrumental in mitigating these stresses. However, the advancement of targeted mutagenesis techniques specifically clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) has emerged as a promising avenue with precise targeting, and modification of specific genes linked with stress response mechanisms offers enhanced crop resilience against environmental anomalies. Among the tools, CRISPR-Cas9 has found versatile applications due to its simplicity, unprecedented efficiency, and higher accuracy. The quick development of these cutting-edge methods emphasizes how important it is to maintain food security in the era of shifting environmental conditions.