Lake Victoria has experienced significant water level declines, with particularly rapid drops occurring between 2002 and 2006. While expanded hydroelectric operations at Uganda’s Kiira power station have been implicated in these changes, rainfall variability – responsible for 80% of the lake’s water input – suggests climate factors may play an equally important role. This chapter examines the climatological contributions to Lake Victoria’s falling water levels through analysis of historical precipitation patterns and drought indices. By correlating these atmospheric indicators with recorded lake level changes, we provide a quantitative assessment of climate’s role in the lake’s hydrological dynamics, offering valuable insights for sustainable water resource management in the region.