This chapter introduces video streaming technologies, focusing on the key challenges of scalability, Quality of Experience (QoE), and cost-efficiency in modern systems. It examines how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and edge computing address these challenges by optimizing video delivery and user experience. As the demand for real-time, high-quality content continues to grow, these technologies play a critical role in meeting scalability requirements while maintaining performance and cost-effectiveness. The chapter also provides an overview of the book’s structure, highlighting the themes and topics discussed in subsequent chapters, which cover specific AI-driven techniques, cloud and edge integration, and real-world implementations for optimizing video streaming systems. This chapter serves as a foundation for understanding the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing modern video streaming infrastructures.