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NanotechnologyNanotechnology is an inevitable part in many advanced technologies. NanoparticlesNanoparticle are synthesized through different methodsMethods, among which microbialMicrobial routes of synthesisSynthesis gain immense importance due to cost effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, biocompatibilityBiocompatibility and environmentally friendly characteristics. Several microorganismsMicroorganisms like bacteriaBacteria, actinomycetesActinomycetes, fungiFungi, yeastsYeast, viruses and algaeAlgae are selectively utilized for nanoparticleNanoparticle synthesisSynthesis due to their unique extracellular or intracellular enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms. Several phenomena like metal ionMetal ion uptake, its stabilization and reduction reactionsReaction, transport process, metabolismMicrobial metabolism and response to stressfavor the synthesisSynthesis of various nanoparticlesNanoparticle by microorganismsMicroorganisms. These factors play crucial roles in determining the rate, yield, sizeSize, shapeShape and stabilityStability of the synthesized nanoparticlesNanoparticle. The synthesisSynthesis is also influenced by pH, temperatureTemperature, reaction timeReaction time, enzymeEnzyme activity, stabilityStability, concentration of reactants, microbialMicrobial type etc. Different types of metalMetal, semiconductor or alloy nanoparticlesNanoparticle can be synthesized through microbialMicrobial routes. This chapter mainly emphasizes various characterizationCharacterization techniquesfor exploring structural and chemical behavior of the synthesized nanoparticleNanoparticle. This chapter also highlights the emerging applicationsApplications of microbialMicrobial nanoparticlesNanoparticle in various fields, including environmental remediationEnvironmental remediation, medicineMedicine and energyEnergy preservation. Furthermore, it discusses prospective challenges, including reproducibility, scalability and regulatory issuesfor directing the knowledge towards further research and industrial level utilization. Future investigations should prioritize the optimization of synthesisSynthesis methodologies and the augmentation of the industrial scalability of microbialMicrobial processes, thereby addressing the gapbetween experimental research and practical applicationsApplications towards the considerable promise of microbialMicrobial nanotechnologyNanotechnology in fostering sustainable and pioneering solutions.

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Microbial Routes for Nanoparticle Synthesis

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Anitha Kannan,
  • Vaishali Kesavan,
  • Surya Venkatesh,
  • P. L. Praveena,
  • Shilpa Joy,
  • Nageshwari Raja

摘要

NanotechnologyNanotechnology is an inevitable part in many advanced technologies. NanoparticlesNanoparticle are synthesized through different methodsMethods, among which microbialMicrobial routes of synthesisSynthesis gain immense importance due to cost effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, biocompatibilityBiocompatibility and environmentally friendly characteristics. Several microorganismsMicroorganisms like bacteriaBacteria, actinomycetesActinomycetes, fungiFungi, yeastsYeast, viruses and algaeAlgae are selectively utilized for nanoparticleNanoparticle synthesisSynthesis due to their unique extracellular or intracellular enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms. Several phenomena like metal ionMetal ion uptake, its stabilization and reduction reactionsReaction, transport process, metabolismMicrobial metabolism and response to stressfavor the synthesisSynthesis of various nanoparticlesNanoparticle by microorganismsMicroorganisms. These factors play crucial roles in determining the rate, yield, sizeSize, shapeShape and stabilityStability of the synthesized nanoparticlesNanoparticle. The synthesisSynthesis is also influenced by pH, temperatureTemperature, reaction timeReaction time, enzymeEnzyme activity, stabilityStability, concentration of reactants, microbialMicrobial type etc. Different types of metalMetal, semiconductor or alloy nanoparticlesNanoparticle can be synthesized through microbialMicrobial routes. This chapter mainly emphasizes various characterizationCharacterization techniquesfor exploring structural and chemical behavior of the synthesized nanoparticleNanoparticle. This chapter also highlights the emerging applicationsApplications of microbialMicrobial nanoparticlesNanoparticle in various fields, including environmental remediationEnvironmental remediation, medicineMedicine and energyEnergy preservation. Furthermore, it discusses prospective challenges, including reproducibility, scalability and regulatory issuesfor directing the knowledge towards further research and industrial level utilization. Future investigations should prioritize the optimization of synthesisSynthesis methodologies and the augmentation of the industrial scalability of microbialMicrobial processes, thereby addressing the gapbetween experimental research and practical applicationsApplications towards the considerable promise of microbialMicrobial nanotechnologyNanotechnology in fostering sustainable and pioneering solutions.