This research paper investigates the optimization of energy consumption and area coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through the determination of the number of active sensor nodes. We propose a method that utilizes static clustering and adaptive wake-up mechanisms to achieve efficient tracking of randomly moving targets within a defined region. Simulation experiments conducted in MATLAB demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing energy consumption and tracking accuracy. By comparing our approach with dynamic clustering and prediction-based mechanisms, we analyze the trade-offs between energy efficiency and computational complexity. Our findings underscore the importance of considering target mobility models and velocity variations in WSN protocol design. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of different wake-up mechanisms on energy consumption and tracking performance. The proposed approach is also provided a promising solution for optimizing energy consumption while maintaining effective coverage and tracking precision in WSNs.