This paper presents the design and implementation of an Octocopter drone, with an innovative structural configuration, featuring eight arms divided into two sets of four arms of unequal lengths. The reason for such a configuration was to obtain and exploit the positive characteristics of longer and shorter arms, the optimal trade-off between stability and maneuverability. The drone has eight motors. Every motor has its own ESC acting as an interface between the motor and the control unit. For the drone, an embedded system with a gyroscope and receiver forms the control unit. The gyroscope work to provide real time data about orientation, whereas the receiver pass on signals from user's input commands. PID involved in the project incorporates proportional, integral, and derivative to control logic in auto-leveling functions ensuring heightened stability during the flight. Thus, this project is really heavy on the required, careful calibration and tuning of PID gains for efficient functioning. Moreover, the gyroscopic data enables the stabilization of the drone around the roll, pitch, and yaw axes. The limitation of having only one PWM pin on the embedded card is overcome by wiring the adjacent motors in parallel, allowing a precursor for precise control of the speed of each motor. The hardware setup, with a unique configuration of the arm and electrical connections, has been explained in detail in the paper, as is the PID control algorithm implementation. Empirical experiments show the high stability and the ability of the Octocopter drone to lift more than 3.5 kg.

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Design and Implementation of Octocopter Drone

  • Mohammed Majid M. Al-Khalidy,
  • Ahmed Habib Jasim Haji,
  • Husain Ali Abdulla Isa,
  • Saleh Khaled Saleh Buanaq,
  • Ahmed Mohammed Majid Al-Khalidi

摘要

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Octocopter drone, with an innovative structural configuration, featuring eight arms divided into two sets of four arms of unequal lengths. The reason for such a configuration was to obtain and exploit the positive characteristics of longer and shorter arms, the optimal trade-off between stability and maneuverability. The drone has eight motors. Every motor has its own ESC acting as an interface between the motor and the control unit. For the drone, an embedded system with a gyroscope and receiver forms the control unit. The gyroscope work to provide real time data about orientation, whereas the receiver pass on signals from user's input commands. PID involved in the project incorporates proportional, integral, and derivative to control logic in auto-leveling functions ensuring heightened stability during the flight. Thus, this project is really heavy on the required, careful calibration and tuning of PID gains for efficient functioning. Moreover, the gyroscopic data enables the stabilization of the drone around the roll, pitch, and yaw axes. The limitation of having only one PWM pin on the embedded card is overcome by wiring the adjacent motors in parallel, allowing a precursor for precise control of the speed of each motor. The hardware setup, with a unique configuration of the arm and electrical connections, has been explained in detail in the paper, as is the PID control algorithm implementation. Empirical experiments show the high stability and the ability of the Octocopter drone to lift more than 3.5 kg.