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With the publication of cotton A1- and A2-genomes, panoramic view of genome history for existing diploid A-genome cotton species is being gradually disclosed. Here, we describe recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, genetic, and evolutionary studies on diploid A-genomes. Analysis of the currently available high-quality A1- and A2- genomes revealed that the Gossypium herbaceum L. (A1) and G. arboreum L. (A2) genomes originated from a common ancestor named A0. These advanced genome assembly works enabled exhaustive genome-wide annotations for transposable element insertions, coding- and noncoding-RNA productions, as well as new gene evolution. Unlocking the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated A-genome species will facilitate our understanding of cotton evolution and domestication. We also reviewed progresses in functional studies for fiber elongation, gossypol biosynthesis, and stress resistance, and summarized the germplasm resources, online bioinformatic tools, as well as databases for A-genome cotton research. Finally, we suggest that in-depth decoding of the A-genome species will further improve cotton breeding by digging up new genetic diversities.

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Cultivated Diploid Cotton Genomes: Genome and Evolution of G. herbaceum and G. arboreum

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Kun Wang,
  • Yifan Zhou,
  • Yuxian Zhu

摘要

With the publication of cotton A1- and A2-genomes, panoramic view of genome history for existing diploid A-genome cotton species is being gradually disclosed. Here, we describe recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, genetic, and evolutionary studies on diploid A-genomes. Analysis of the currently available high-quality A1- and A2- genomes revealed that the Gossypium herbaceum L. (A1) and G. arboreum L. (A2) genomes originated from a common ancestor named A0. These advanced genome assembly works enabled exhaustive genome-wide annotations for transposable element insertions, coding- and noncoding-RNA productions, as well as new gene evolution. Unlocking the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated A-genome species will facilitate our understanding of cotton evolution and domestication. We also reviewed progresses in functional studies for fiber elongation, gossypol biosynthesis, and stress resistance, and summarized the germplasm resources, online bioinformatic tools, as well as databases for A-genome cotton research. Finally, we suggest that in-depth decoding of the A-genome species will further improve cotton breeding by digging up new genetic diversities.