Every chronic wound is colonised with microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriae are the dominant bacterial species in chronic wounds. They are derived from the environment and the surrounding skin but can also be spread oropharyngeal or anal from endogenous sources. However, detecting bacteria in a wound swab or biopsy does not necessarily imply a wound infection. Accordingly, a positive microbiological result cannot be the only indication for antibiotic therapy. The decision for the latter is based entirely on the clinical (systemic) findings. Wound infections can occur postoperatively (case 1), can be triggered by diabetes mellitus (cases 2 and 4), can be prologuised by insufficient perfusion (case 3) or can also occur in combination with immunological skin and vascular diseases (case 5). Therefore, treating the underlying disease is essential to wound healing and should not be ignored. Topical antiseptic therapy with or without accompanying systemic antibiotics is mandatory as an infection therapy. Its intensity depends on the amount and virulence of the microorganisms. The need to continue infection therapy should be reconsidered at least weekly, as topical antiseptic treatment is always associated with varying degrees of impairment of the human cells involved in wound healing. Involving the patient with accompanying information about the wound infection and its therapeutic options is mandatory and increases adherence.