This study explores the pivotal role of women in the eighteenth-century Moravian Church, focusing on the Danish West Indies and their missions’ transformation into Black Atlantic Christianity. By examining archival traces, including letters and baptismal records, the project uncovers the intertwined lives of enslaved Black women converts and white European missionaries. Central to the analysis is Dorothea van Deknadel, an enslaved woman whose personal letters illuminate the relationships between Black congregants and white missionaries like Judith Schur. The Moravian Church’s radical mystical theology and gendered evangelism structures enabled women to navigate systems of enslavement and migration while fostering cross-cultural marriages and sex-segregated evangelism. The research situates these women within broader historiographies of Atlantic slavery, missionary work, and gender. It highlights how Black women, often relegated to the margins of archives, emerged as leaders in majority-Black congregations, shaping a distinct form of Christianity in the Caribbean. The project contextualizes these dynamics within the Moravian Church’s emphasis on emotional communities and agentic gender norms. By bridging the institutional history of the Moravian Church with the lived experiences of women, this work reframes the narrative of early modern missions, demonstrating how women’s contributions were central to the creation of vibrant, transatlantic religious communities.