This study investigates the activated carbon canister within the On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) system for gasoline vehicles. A one-dimensional hydrocarbon adsorption simulation model, based on the Dubinin-Astakhov and linear driving force models, was validated against experimental data. The model demonstrates adaptability across various carbon types and canister dimensions. At the 2 g breakthrough point, butane distribution is uneven, particularly near the outlet, leaving some activated carbon underutilized. High desorption rates reduce residual butane, but slower rates prove more effective with equivalent inlet air volumes. Significant temperature fluctuations during adsorption/desorption impact reaction kinetics. Two strategies are proposed to enhance canister performance: (1) multi-port designs for uniform butane-activated carbon contact; (2) increased desorption rates with sufficient air supply. This research provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for ORVR activated carbon canister design and optimization.