Globally, children are considered a vulnerable population due to factors like physical size, developmental stages, and dependency on adults for their needs. This chapter examines the complexities of child protection and safeguarding in the UK, highlighting the influence of global policies like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on local practices and procedures. It discusses the role of mandatory reporting, the subjective nature of assessing maltreatment and threshold criteria, and the emotional challenges faced by children and young people involved with child protective services. Furthermore, this chapter serves as a resource for practitioners in developing a comprehensive, empathetic approach to safeguarding and child protection that respects children’s voices and emphasises early intervention. It also advocates for multi-agency collaboration, which includes parents, practitioners, and children, to improve child welfare and protection outcomes.