Globally, there are many children and young people living with a disability or who are neurodivergent. These children often have poorer health outcomes and often experience discrimination and social exclusion. Their needs can be misdiagnosed through diagnostic overshadowing or not be adequately assessed by the people looking after them. For some children, especially those with a significant or profound learning disability or neurodivergence, communication is more challenging, and yet if not addressed, this can have tragic consequences. This chapter informs the reader regarding a number of common conditions that children and young people with a learning disability or neurodivergence may have as well as discussing a range of communication techniques to support working with such children, young people and their families. Lastly, there are a range of reflective activities to enable the reader to be able to assess the current skills and knowledge in this area.