The evolution of endoscopic surgery begins with the early development of endoscopy in the nineteenth century. Key technological advancements, such as fiber optics and flexible endoscopes, have expanded the scope of minimally invasive surgery tremendously. The rise of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) eliminated the need or external incisions and offered significant benefits in reducing surgical trauma and recovery times. Despite challenges, such as technical limitations and the need for specialized instruments, NOTES contributed to the refinement of endoscopic techniques used in gastrointestinal surgeries. Third space endoscopy enables access to the submucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract. This approach has revolutionized the treatment of submucosal lesions and allows for minimally invasive procedures like endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The continued advancement of third space endoscopy promises to further improve patient outcomes in gastrointestinal surgery.