This chapter underscores the necessity of establishing an equitable and fair economic system to attain sustainability. It will illustrate the interconnectedness of climate change, ecological degradation, population growth, hunger, and resource depletion, along with the challenges of financial market collapses and economic recession, all of which are linked to the current economic structure, responsible for disrupting the natural balance. The chapter emphasizes that the presence of interest and discount rates in businesses, banking systems, and the global economy results in future costs and benefits being considered less valuable than those in the present—a clear case of intergenerational inequity and injustice. Various reforms and alternatives proposed in the literature to enhance sustainability, such as steady-state economics; Environmental Economics, ecological economics; restorative economics; and local self-reliance/alternative currency, are examined. However, the chapter highlights that none of these proposed reforms or alternatives address the root cause of all problems, namely the inherent interest-based system facilitated by paper currency in the economy, which leads to severe injustices. It argues that solutions to ecological problems through science and technology are limited by corporate greed and a lack of full understanding of their environmental consequences. Lastly, the chapter outlines a comprehensive framework for a “fair and just” economic system in future directions, suggesting that its realization could pave the way for an ecologically sustainable future for the planet.