Since considerable progress on science and technology has induced environmental destruction and scarcity of resources, how to prevent such negative impact while improving the human living standards has drawn the researchers’ attention to a great instance. That is, how to develop social and economic growth sustainably becomes a critical issue. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation has proposed that the circular economy (CE) can be a promising approach. Through resource recycling and reuse, wastage and mitigate environmental pollution can be reduced. In the past, the application of industry associations was to use the existing industry structure to analyze the relationship and influence between industries. However, if a circular economy is to be implemented by a government as a development policy, reevaluation of the industry structure is necessary. This is thus the aim of our research to help a government draw a blueprint of industry sustainable development plan through the proposed quantitative system which will describe the relative reaction among the industries when the input resources are varied and carbon emission is constrained, yet the values added measured by the growth rate of industries are maximized. The system contains a core of a nonlinear programming model to provide a novel industry structure and the induced social-economic analyses. Since food, energy, and water (FEW) are the required living resources, their importance has drawn us to focus on their linkage so that any waste from them will not be occurred. The system has been applied to the industries of Taiwan. For illustration, both scenario and parameter analyses are performed. The results revealed that the proposed system can not only achieve a closed-loop FEW nexuses to avoid wastage; but also, the economy can be promoted. Therefore, the proposed system may provide governments a tool for policymaking on the issues of environment protection.