The integration of emerging digital technologies is modernizing heritage practices across engineering and scientific fields. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) 4.0 adopts these technologies for application to inspection and monitoring of materials and structures. This chapter focuses on NDE 4.0 concepts that have specific application to aerospace NDE. Adoption of digital technologies throughout the aerospace workflow can lead to reduced time scales for identifying and implementing inspection solutions, while also improving the information yielded by inspections to enable data-informed decision-making. NDE 4.0 has the potential to enable inspection during design, model-driven inspection optimization, rapid consideration of inspection data for manufacturing process feedback, use of structural health data throughout vehicle lifecycle, and ability to feed-forward inspection data into digital twins and design of future vehicles. Specific examples integrating multiple technologies are discussed for projects implemented recently at NASA.Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) 4.0aerospaeAerospace, (NDE) 4.0